Friday, August 28, 2020

Essay Sample on Death Experiences The Life Review

Article Sample on Death Experiences The Life Review Passing has been an interest for mankind since the get-go. Demise is in certainty lifes most noteworthy puzzles, as it has been regular conviction that nobody can return after death to re-determine what has befallen them. In any case, this general thought regarding passing is beginning to change in the Western world with the marvel of the brush with death. The brush with death has empowered individuals to understand what happens after one kicks the bucket. Nonetheless, not every person is available to tolerating people groups reports of brushes with death, and many stay wary regardless of the immense similitudes in a large number of records. There are a huge number of individuals in Western culture who guarantee to comprehend what it resembles to bite the dust. These individuals have all been in clinical circumstances, where their lives have been in question. A large portion of these individuals have quite kicked the bucket, and have been revived through clinical gadgets. Raymond Moody, an American therapist, instituted the term brush with death (NDE) to allude to the circumstance where an individual encounters demise for a short measure of time, yet then is resuscitated and comes back to life. Ill humored composed a book entitled Life After Life in which he uncovered the wonder of the brush with death. In spite of the fact that some may contend that, one ought to be marginally dubious about exceptionally ongoing NDEs after the exposure following in the wake of Moodys book, Moody endeavors to remember the brush with death back to vestige, to demonstrate this isn't only an advanced marvel (Bremmer 261). Be that as it may, these old brushes with death bear practically no similitudes to the cutting edge understanding, the special case being the inclination of floating away (Bremmen 263). It becomes obvious that brushes with death are affected when period that they are happening in. Brushes with death can be viewed as results of their time. Since Moodys book, the consciousness of brushes with death has expanded. Individuals who have professed to have encountered close to death following the exposure of Moodys book, maybe just encountered these things since they have found out about them. This is a typical event in human instinct. Pictures and thoughts frequently saturate our oblivious personalities and we start to accept that these pictures and thoughts are our own. Mainstream society has utilized the brush with death in plot situations of TV programs and motion pictures. Indeed, even on the mainstream enlivened TV program The Simpsons, Homer Simpson is demonstrated gliding over his body while he is in the working room. In light of these pictures, it is right to state that somebody who has encountered a perilous injury may review these pictures and accept that they have occurred in their own lives. The advanced and Western brush with death includes less strict f igures and images, as Westerners are turning out to be increasingly more secularized. What one may envision occurring after death is an impression of their situation on the planet and their convictions as, each age gets existence in the wake of death it merits (Bremmen 268). In spite of the point by point records of many brushes with death, it is hard to disregard ones distrust and become persuaded. Albeit each record is so fascinating to peruse, and regardless of the similitudes between every individual story, the reports of brushes with death keep on seeming as though dream reports. An individual retelling a fantasy regularly considers themselves to be the fantasy as though they are confined from their body. They frequently experience issues describing the occasions of the fantasy and experience issues finding the correct words to communicate the occasions of the fantasy. When describing a brush with death, Many individuals have offered comments such that, There are only no words to communicate what I am attempting to state, (Moody 273). Visionaries will regularly meet irregular individuals, dead family members and strict figures in their fantasies. Like when an individual who dreams, with regards to the brush with death nobody, has revealed any scents or tastes while out of their physical bodies (Moody 285). The body in a fantasy is certifiably not a physical body, the same number of tactile recognitions like smell and taste don't happen inside dreams. Be that as it may, a fantasy can without much of a stretch vibe like reality. When awakening from a decent dream, an individual may wish to return the fantasy, and when waking from a bad dream an individual may feel assuaged that it was in truth not genuine. Numerous individuals who have encountered close to death portray it as a reality that they needed to stay a piece of. Brushes with death are not really dreams. It is unsure precisely what they are, anyway they do share numerous attributes of dreams. The unimportant reality that, The people included consistently portray their encounters as indescribable, that is, unspeakable, is suggestive of the trouble of the individuals who wish to communicate their fantasies (Moody 273). The existence survey some portion of the brush with death is very striking. This part of the marvel has additionally advanced into mainstream society. In different motion pictures and TV programs, the characters are regularly in circumstances where their lives appear to streak before their eyes. This normally occurs at a significant second when the character is either at serious risk or has quite recently experienced a revelation or something to that affect. Elisabeth Kubler-Ross depicts the existence survey as the last period of the brush with death. She deciphers this stage, as being paradise or damnation. Perhaps both (Kubler-Ross 319). The explanation behind her translation is that inside this stage, one is compelled to audit their life, and to comprehend the hugeness of their conduct all through their lifetime. The way Kubler-Ross portrays the existence survey makes it seem, by all accounts, to be a genuinely troublesome procedure. In any case, it is exceptionally hard to envisi on ones life blazing before ones eyes in a matter of minutes. Plainly this life audit is comprised of numerous recollections put away profound inside ones cerebrum. In spite of the fact that not having a reason for this case, maybe these recollections that are being summoned are because of the way that the cerebrum is being denied of oxygen during the hour of a brush with death. Albeit without any experimental proof, it is conceivable to expect that there is maybe a logical clarification to the brush with death. Each individual who has encountered this marvel has been in a state where their lives were in danger. A large portion of the individuals have really passed on and been restored, recommending an extreme loss of oxygen to the whole body, including the cerebrum. Maybe the brush with death is a type of response in the mind because of this loss of oxygen? Without logical proof, it is difficult to arrive at a resolution, however with every single strange issue, for example, these, the individual is frequently attracted to science to search for answers. The doubter will consistently attempt to locate a reasonable reason for what is puzzling. Taking into account that the brush with death is an inconceivably secretive wonder, Westerners have gotten progressively interested with it. It is human instinct to be interested with that which is vague, befuddling and impalpable. People look for answers to everything. When something doesn't have a solid answer, we attempt to disclose it and endeavor to go to a comprehension. Demise is normally the best secret of life and in this way the brush with death maybe reveals some insight upon the obscure. The brush with death is a soothing idea for Westerners as it guarantees them that life goes on in the afterlife. A large portion of the records of the individuals who have encountered close to death have portrayed it as a massively pleasurable encounter and, individuals [even] revealed that they would not like to return (Kubler-Ross 317). In spite of the fact that it is very hard to accept the people who report brushes with death, it is likewise very troublesome not to. The likenesses between encounters are uncanny, making even the most inflexible doubter contemplate the marvels legitimacy. It is amazingly fascinating to envision that in the Western present reality, because of the entirety of our clinical innovation, we can really pass on and return to life to discuss it. It is just interesting that mankind has maybe unwound lifes most prominent secret. You can arrange a custom article, research paper, research paper, proposal or exposition on any theme from our expert custom exposition composing administration which gives understudies top notch exclusively composed papers at a reasonable expense.

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Ethics of Robots and Technique

Question: Examine about the Ethics of Robots and Technique. Answer: In this article Devlin (2016), have introduced the ongoing improvement with respect to the morals in robots. The morals of the robots have been planned by the British Standards Institute,' which comes after the fundamental rules that have been figured by Isaac Asimov. The archive introduced in dry language talks about the unwanted situations that may spring up because of the use of the robot in customary lives, for example, the trickiness, enslavement and different variables that might be incited by robots. Whats going on? The presentation of the mechanized machines in the human life has facilitated numerous viewpoints, and this has brought about the most recent advancement in the field of apply autonomy and man-made brainpower (AI) (Devlin, 2016). The creator here has introduced the most recent patterns in advancement and the moral gauges that must be fused to make the framework increasingly human-accommodating, to guarantee that no damage is done while utilizing the robots. The measures set for the robots focuses on straightforwardness that may help in decrease of the possibilities to the client of the robots. What are the realities? The executions of the robots in human life have become far reaching which can be found in the territory of the social insurance, in transportation as self-ruling vehicles, and so forth so it very well may be handily comprehended that we are only a couple of steps from robots in ordinary human life which will deal with each part of human needs. Also, the plan of the principles for the activity and the morals of the robots is only the affirmation of the reality (Russell, 2016). Subsequently apply autonomy is the following large advance in the robotization of different human activities. What are the issues? The robots can't think all alone and are customized to serve with a certain goal in mind. In any case, with the past programming methods the reactions of the robots were not sufficient, which brought forth the propelled procedures, for example, AI and ANN (Artificial Neural Networks). These gave a system to cause the robots to learn on their own dependent on the assignments and the ideal way, which was autonomous of the programming of the robots, which couldnt foresee the conduct of the confounded robots (Devlin, 2016). Who are influenced? The utilization of the mechanized robots is far reaching which ranges from the medical procedure robots to independent vehicles which will drive the vehicles rather than the people. The robots need to take an entangled choice to sift through the different intricacies dependent on the different ecological factors and choose the destiny of the patient or the traveler (Katz Halpern, 2014). So any individual who purchases the innovation or is reliant on the robot will be influenced, which is a huge mass of individuals. Furthermore, will bring about joblessness of an enormous area of individuals which could prompt distress o in the public eye (Martin, 2016). What are the moral issues and their suggestion? The death toll or the mischief made because of the automated activity is a major issue and ought to be dealt with truly. Thus the engineers have a troublesome requirement of structuring something which will take a choice like an individual however can't hurt the person. The most exceedingly awful piece of the most recent programming strategies like profound learning,' is the writing computer programs is done dependent on the earth and the result and the reaction to obscure factors isn't realized which could be awful (Sparrow, 2015). It has additionally been noticed that the facial acknowledgment program cant successfully perceive the darker faces in this manner making a racial separation. What could have been done about it? Computerization has become a piece of the human life. With the most recent machines that have been introduced at different areas, life has been streamlined. The advancement of the robots is the net evident advance. The product displaying has been done to redress the deformities of the past frameworks however has not prevailing as arranged (Sharkey, 2012). So the programming and the demonstrating methods are developing each day to make the framework increasingly flexible. What are the choices? The accessible alternatives for handling the circumstance are: Robots ought to be completely wiped out from the human life Making robots progressively savvy with the goal that the assignments can be all around performed Basic choice ought to be detracted from robots Which alternative is ideal and why? The best alternative among the three is making the robots progressively wise with the goal that the different undertakings that are doled out to them are dealt with in an effective manner. This could bring about the expanded joblessness in the conventional area however staffs can be prepared to take up the other part dependent on the requirements and will likewise guarantee that the world moves towards a superior future. References Devlin, H. (2016). Do no damage, don't separate: official direction gave on robot morals. The Guardian. Recovered 1 December 2016, from https://www.theguardian.com/innovation/2016/sep/18/official-direction robot-morals english measures foundation Katz, J. E., Halpern, D. (2014). Mentalities towards robots appropriateness for different employments as influenced robot appearance.Behaviour Information Technology,33(9), 941-953. Martin, S. (2016). UN cautions that robots will put MILLIONS jobless. Express.co.uk. Recovered 1 December 2016, from https://www.express.co.uk/news/science/731282/UN-robots-MILLIONS jobless computerized reasoning Russell, B. (2016).The effect of science on society. Routledge. Sharkey, A., Sharkey, N. (2012). Granny and the robots: moral issues in robot care for the elderly.Ethics and Information Technology,14(1), 27-40. Sparrow, R. (2015). Executioner Robots: Ethical Issues in the Design of Unmanned Systems for Military Applications. InHandbook of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles(pp. 2965-2983). Springer Netherlands.

Friday, August 21, 2020

Developing Software For Traffic Management †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Disuss about the Developing Software For Traffic Management. Answer: Presentation As an undertaking administrator of the task that managed creating programming for traffic the board, I confronted an unanticipated group strife of late that brought about the postponement in the venture preparing. Group strife is definitely not another thing in todays business. Various individuals have distinctive discernment towards a solitary thing and when the thought doesn't coordinate, it offers ascend to strife among the colleagues. In the event that this contention isn't taken care of or settled appropriately, it might hamper the task and bargain with the innovativeness of the workers engaged with the contention, which thusly can influence venture or the item quality in its improvement stage (Rispens 2012). The depiction, sentiments, assessment and activity plan so as to settle down the contention among the colleagues that I have confronted as of late as a venture chief is expounded in the accompanying sections. Depiction Strife among the colleagues, is the consequence of restriction in thoughts and perspectives on colleagues with respect to a typical issue. As a task director, I have a thought that if the recognition or the earth of the group or any colleague is negative, the result will likewise be negative (Burke 2013). A group struggle excited while we were taking a shot at a product improvement. The contention broke in for the most part because of the poor comprehension of the destinations of the venture in light of poor-correspondence among the colleagues. Each part had various recipes in examining the target of the undertaking bringing about distinction of feeling. These distinctions in sees offered ascend to a significant clash among the colleagues. The associated task was enormously hampered because of this contention and now, as an undertaking supervisor I felt to investigate the issue and resolve the issue before it is past the point of no return. Sentiments I could see my venture enduring and missing the cutoff time of the primary discharge. I felt awful as a venture director and viewed myself as answerable for the contention and the likely misfortune. A venture chiefs, duty is to make sure whether my group is performing sufficient and the check the advancement of the undertaking. Thusly, even I was answerable for this contention somewhat. A task chiefs duty is to effectively design, start plan and execute the undertaking (Kerzner 2013). It additionally identifies with effective observing, controlling and conclusion of the task. Henceforth, it was my obligation to oversee and control the contention so as to check it. Assessment The essential errand required to be done to control the contention was to know the explanation of the contention (Doucey 2017). The reason for the contention was that, the planning group of the product rolled out specific improvements in the structure of the product without talking with the coding colleagues. This correspondence hole was the significant explanation of the contention. The coding group had an alternate point of view towards the target of the task and they were not prepared to acknowledge the progressions made by the planning group. Indeed, even the planning group was not prepared to jump from their interest. This offered ascend to colossal clash and brought about the deferral in the work. The following thing, which I needed to do as a task administrator, was to comprehend the circumstance, making an arrangement to control the issue. I comprehended that the contention could have been maintained a strategic distance from if the itemized arrangement about the procedures of item advancement is made before the commencement of the venture. In any case, since we are following a lithe philosophy for venture advancement, the adjustments over the span of activity was normal (Rossi 2013). Changes are commonly executed over the span of activity on premise of clients input. Our product was not in any case prepared for the main discharge and in this way, executing any progressions during the advancement procedure was a bit much. Planning group was resolved on actualizing the change, as indicated by their perspective, the change was important to execute remembering the clients necessity. Improvement group anyway had an alternate concern. The coding methodology of the product was at that point at a pinnacle stage and as per them, if the progressions must be actualized at that phase of advancement, the venture would miss the cutoff time of the main discharge. The circumstance was basic, as both the groups were right as per their perspective. So as to check the contention it was important for me to discover an answer that would fulfill both the groups. Worker fulfillment is important to get the most extreme yield in work. The imagination of the representatives tremendously reflects in an ideal work and henceforth it was fundamental for me to investigate the workers fulfillment while recognizing the issue. Notwithstanding, it was my obligation as an undertaking supervisor, to determine that my venture discharge doesn't miss its cutoff time. It was for sure a basic circumstance, which could have been dodged, if the issue or the contention was recognized in its underlying stage. Activity Plan So as to deal with the contention, I from the outset made both the groups talk about their interests with me and with one another. At that point I advised them the upsides and downsides of the issue and its impact in the general execution of the group (O'Neill, Allen and Hastings 2013). I planned individual gatherings with the colleagues to comprehend their point of view. I attempted to connect the correspondence hole between the groups and cause them to comprehend the point of the venture, which is a shared objective for all the colleagues. The significant test was the dynamic procedure remembering the hazard related with the choice. The significant concern was not to miss the cutoff time of the discharge. Henceforth, I asked both the groups for co-activity. Along these lines I could reduce the effect of the contention. The colleagues were presently prepared to keep their sense of self aside and spotlight in the group. Both the groups were required a gathering to arrive at a typical settlement. Both the group heads were approached to advance their perspectives and proposal and the issue that were concerning them. The issue and the recommendations of both the group heads were mulled over. I requested that they discover an answer themselves. This made them talk about the issues with one another and along these lines I was fruitful in crossing over the correspondence hole between the two groups, which was significantly answerable for the circumstance of a contention. At long last, it was the ideal opportunity for dynamic (Pettigrew 2014). It is assessed that the progressions that were recommended by the planning group comprised of some major and minor changes. Significant changes were unrealistic to execute in view of the time emergency. Be that as it may, the minor changes recommended by the planning group were conceivable to join in the structure. I discovered that the significant changes that were proposed by the structuring group could be kept away from in the primary run discharge and could be joined in the following discharge (Staron, Meding and Palm 2012). In this way the choice of the barring the significant changes in the planning and creating of the product end up being right. The advancement group had no issue in actualizing the minor changes, as they would not need to adjust the entire coding. The creating group additionally consented to execute the significant changes that were proposed by the structuring group, in the following disc harge. The structuring group was happy with the choice, as their recommendation was not rejected out. The planning group was additionally recommended to do an exhaustive research of clients criticism after the main discharge and the necessary changes are accounted for well ahead of time with the goal that the creating group faces any trouble in executing them. End In this way, from the above conversation, it very well may be presumed that contention is normal in each association. Strife among the colleagues by and large happens because of contrast in perspectives and discernment among the colleagues. The task talked about was of an advancement of specific programming following the coordinated procedure. The contention excited because of the distinctions in assessment of planning and creating group. Group clashes hamper the presentation of colleagues and influence the general venture. Strife for the most part effectsly affects group. In addition, struggle brings about poor co-appointment among the colleagues in related assignment. It diminishes the attachment among the group and its individuals and influences their capacity to fill in as a group in accomplishing the objective. Along these lines, dealing with a group struggle is important. A venture administrators duty is to appropriately plan, start and execute an undertaking. Hence, if any con tention emerges, venture chief should step in, to determine it. The techniques, utilized in settling the above-talked about clash is reasonable for the reason. In any case, it is obligation of the task supervisor to guarantee that no contention emerges over the span of activity for building up an item effectively. Strife may result is an immense misfortune for the association and along these lines it is prescribed to be kept away from. Changes that could be executed to evade this sort of contention in future are to find out that attachment among the group and its individuals are not lost because of the correspondence hole or contrasts in conclusion, and regardless of whether there is a distinction among feeling, it is fathomed at the earliest opportunity. References Burke, R., 2013. Task the executives: arranging and control techniques.New Jersey, USA. Doucey, M., 2017. Understanding the main drivers of contentions: why it is important for worldwide emergency management.The Journal,25(1). Kerzner, H., 2013. Venture the board: a frameworks way to deal with arranging, planning, and controlling. John Wiley Sons. O'Neill, T.A., Allen, N.J. also, Hastings, S.E., 2013. Analyzing the Pros and Cons of Team Conflict: A Team-Level Meta-Analysis of Task, Relationship, and Process Conflict.Human Performance,26(3), pp.236-260. Pettigrew, A.M., 2014.The legislative issues of hierarchical dynamic. Routledge. Rispens, S., 2012. The impact of contention issue significance on the c

Tuesday, May 26, 2020

Ap World Exam Essay Sample - Preparing For Business School Exams

Ap World Exam Essay Sample - Preparing For Business School ExamsThe Ap World Exam Essay Sample has been one of the most popular course manuals published by the School of Business Online, and it has been recommended by many teachers and employers. What is special about this manual is that you can access it from your home computer, which means that you can get it even if you are not in school right now. If you have finished your school year and you would like to enter a business program online, then this manual is for you.One of the most important information contained in this manual is about the format for assignments. In the recent years, all business programs have adopted a slightly different form for completing assignments, but in this manual, you will find a system similar to that of the Common Core. Students need to complete at least 30 percent of the assigned tasks in the allotted time period, while all other students should complete all tasks within the allotted time frame.The following is one of the assignments that you will find in this manual, as it is about certain characteristics of the financial industry. This is very similar to the many other assignments you would find in a standard textbook. You need to fill out a questionnaire that will test your knowledge about some specific areas such as the number of accountants to be found in the industry. You also need to perform some research about certain organizations and see whether or not they have made any significant changes in their policy over the past few years.The other exam essays are based on the same basic theme as the previous one, but with a slightly different structure. To prepare for the exams, you will need to complete a task sheet which will help you to learn more about each section of the exam.One of the most difficult parts of the exam would be the final section where you will have to answer an essay prompt. You can find an example of such aprompt in the last section of the sample manua l.Your preparation is not complete without taking the exams for the courses that you have taken, and that is why the contents of the course manual are also included in the Ap World Exam Essay Sample. Some courses will ask you to write an essay that has to be done after four months, while others may only take two months to complete. After you have completed your courses, you will have to submit your final college transcript to be considered for a postgraduate program.When you complete this manual, you will have prepared yourself well enough to pass the Ap World Exam Essay Sample. Now, you need to choose a course online to make sure that you complete all the required tasks for the given time period. So make sure that you put the most important task to finish first.

Saturday, May 16, 2020

Mary Shelley Is The Author Of The Famed Novel Frankenstein.

Mary Shelley is the author of the famed novel Frankenstein. The era in which Frankenstein was published happened to be one where religion was followed in more of a strict manner than today’s society follows. The monster in the novel was viewed as an abomination not only in its existence, but even as an idea. Although the novel was released unanimously, it was critiqued mostly from a religious standpoint. Critiques gave reviews saying that it was unintellectual work that was not worth the time it took to read because they saw it as a threat to their religion. Mary Shelley herself never specified anything for or against religion, although her husband did. Once it was discovered that Mary Shelley was in fact the author of Frankenstein, many†¦show more content†¦Mary never knew her mother because she died a few days after childbirth, and the woman that her father remarried to was not an ideal or loving mother figure. She and Shelley did not get along at all. Once she came into the picture, Mary did not enjoy her life at home. She loved her little family, but she yearned to get away from all of their chaos. That’s why she would go and read or write by her mother’s grave or in any other calm place she could find. That’s also why she created Frankenstein’s mother to be so loving, gentle, patient, and nurturing. She made Frankenstein’s mother based off of the way she viewed her own departed mother in her head, and the way that Frankenstein suddenly wanted to prevent death and disease because of her death was probably what Shelley wished she could have done for the mother she never knew. Mary also used many of her mother’s beliefs in the novel. Wollstonecraft had a very hard life in her early days. She lived in a financially unstable home and was taken over by domestic abuse and alcohol addiction. Motivated by the life she once endured, he decided to support herself as a professional writer rather than remaining dependent on others to care for her. She always wrote about the political and philosophical issues in the world. An example of this would be her writing about the wrong inherit rights of not only women, but of men. She believed in the concept of men and women in society having equal rights to education. She foughtShow MoreRelatedFrankenstein Essay1176 Words   |  5 PagesMany people know that Mary Shelley, the author of Frankenstein, was part of a family of famed Romantic era writers. Her mother, Mary Wollstonecraft, was one of the first leaders of the feminist movement, her father, William Godwin, was a famous social philosopher, and her husband, P ercy Shelley, was one of the leading Romantic poets of the time (Frankenstein: Mary Shelley Biography.). 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The two were known friends and rivals, having had a long and intimate friendship lasting twenty years. There is not much known about the relationship itself due to Stoker’s meticulous erasure of Wilde’sRead MoreMary Shelleys Frankenstein and Christopher Marlowes Dr. Faustus1286 Words   |  6 Pagesromantic hero. Mary Shelly gives a great picture of this hero in her novel Frankenstein. She uses Victor Frankenstein, the creator of the famous â€Å"Frankenstein’s Monster† as her character which embodies the traits of a romantic hero. The model was relatively new; however, Christopher Marlowe had written a character in the early fifteenth century which embodied the same characteristics. 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The French sculptor Frederic-Auguste Bartholdi created the statue itself out of sheets of hammered copper, while Alexandre-Gustave Eiffel, the man behind the famed Eiffel Tower, designed the statue s steel framework. The Statue of Liberty was then given to the United States and erected atop an American-designed pedestal on a small island in Upper New York Bay, now known as Liberty Island, and dedicated by President

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Poverty Term Paper - 4739 Words

Outline I. Introduction A. Significance of the Study B. What is Poverty? C. History of Poverty in the Philippines D. Demographics of Poverty II. Entrenched factors associated with poverty A. Colonial Histories B. Centralization of Power C. Corruption D. Warfare E. Environmental degradation F. Social Inequality III. Lethal and Long-term Effect of Poverty A. Health B. Education C. Housing D. Violence E. Substance/Drug Abuse IV. Poverty Diminution/Reduction A. Holistic Approach B. Economic Liberalization†¦show more content†¦[3] Poverty has been redefined in industrial countries, so that anyone at the lower end of the income distribution is poor ex officio, as it was—poor by virtue of having less than the rich. And of course by this logic, the only way of eliminating poverty is by an egalitarian redistribution of wealth—even if the society as a whole were to become poorer as a result. [4] [2] Kaleen Alejandro, Poverty in the Philippines, Politics and Government (Philippines: www.oppapers.com, 2010), p.4 [3] Tricia Ellis-Christensen, What is Poverty?, Poverty Line (United States: www.geekwise.com, 2003), p.1 [4] Theodore Dalrymple, What is Poverty?, (England: www.cityjournal.org, 1999), p.2 History of Poverty in the Philippines Individuals are said to be in absolute poverty when they are unable to obtain at least a specified minimum of the food, clothing, and shelter that are considered necessary for continued survival. In the Philippines, two such minimums have been established. The poverty line is defined in terms of a least-cost consumption basket of food that provides 2,016 calories and 50 grams of protein per day and of nonfood items consumed by families in the lowest quintile of the population. In 1988 the poverty line for a family of six was estimated to be P2,709 per month. 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Tuesday, May 5, 2020

Ict Related Ethical Dilemma Cyber Crime-Case Study

Question: Discuss about theIct Related Ethical Dilemma Cyber Crime. Answer: Introduction In todays advanced technological era, ethical dilemma has become a major subject of concern for the business organizations. An ethical dilemma is a critical situation where people choose either a moral or an immoral act to perform. This research essay would also be useful to represent a case of ethical dilemma that is related to the ICT (Information and communication Technology). Moreover, this research essay would be helpful to present most awful ICT related issue that is theft of secret encryption keys from Android and iOS phones. ICT-Related Ethical Dilemma This research essay is based on a media article that mainly focuses on ICT related ethical issues. According to the media article, the ethical dilemma took place on iOS platform of Apple Inc. This media article was published on March 4, 2016. Along with this, the report of this ethical dilemma was covered by Mr. Mohit Kumar (the Cyber Security Analyst and Information Security Researcher). As per the report, the security researchers team (Tel Aviv University, Technion and The University of Adelaide) has created a plan to steal cryptographic keys that are used by the organization to protect Apple Pay accounts, Bitcoin wallets, and other sensitive services of Android and iOS devices (Kumar, 2016). According to the researchers, during the hacking of secret encryption keys, the hackers placed a magnetic probe close to an iPhone at what time the phone executes cryptographic operations. In this way, the theft of secret encryption keys from Android and iOS phones is a major ethical issue tha t is related to ICT (Information and communication Technology). According to the DET (Doing Ethics Technique), data hacking is major ethical issue that is related to ICT. DET is a process that plays a significant role in order to investigate ethical issues in a particular scenario. On the basis of the selected media article, it is observed that the hackers take help of Side-Channel Attack to steal data in an appropriate way. For case, with the help of Side-Channel Attack, the hackers probe the pattern of memory utilization that is produced during the decryption process (Ghosh, 2016). Moreover, they also investigate the electromagnetic outputs of the device in order to take out the secret crypto key from a system. In this way, data hacking has become a major ethical issue on the platforms of Android and iOS phones. Ethical Theories to Analysis an Ethical Dilemma Situation An ethical dilemma is dangerous for the success and growth of a business organization. Along with this, business organizations may take help of ethical theories to determine the rightness or wrongness of actions/decisions made in a particular case. For case, utilitarianism, and deontology are the two important classical ethical theories that are useful to resolve a situation of ethical dilemma in an effective way (Dwell, 2013). These ethical theories are described as below: Utilitarianism Theory: Utilitarianism is an important classical ethical theory. The major objective of utilitarianism theory is to create the most amount of happiness to the utmost number of people (MacKinnon and Fiala, 2014). According to this theory, the ethical things of an organization must be to the happiness of the people and society. The business organizations must focus on the happiness of the people to perform the ethical thing/activities. In the context of given case, the things performed by the hacking firms are only for the fulfillment of their personal goals. They hack the sensitive data and personal information of the people that is totally unethical activity. The data hacking is dangerous to all over the nation. People provide their confidential information to telecommunication firms. The firms are fully liable to protect their data and information. But, hackers are doing wrong and misusing the data and information of the people (Shaw, 2016). In this way, as per the utilitarianism theory, th is case is related to the trouble of people. The actions/decisions that are related to the theft of encryption keys are totally wrong and unethical. Deontology Theory: Deontology theory is also a major ethical theory that focuses on the idealistic customs of Kant. According to this theory, the activities performed by the people must be right. Moreover, the means or sources used to perform these activities must be fair. The business organizations must implements moral standards in order to perform business activities in an ethical way (Smith, 2008). Along with this, in the context of the given scenario, people did not perform ethical activities. They did not use decent sources to perform the business activities. For case, the case is related to the data hacking and hacking is not an ethical activity. In addition to this, the hackers are stealing secret encryption keys of Android and iOS and that is totally unethical or immoral activity performed by the hackers (Hayden, 2014). In this way, it can be said that, the case is a case of ethical dilemma and the actions performed by hackers are inappropriate or unethical. Conclusions/Recommendations On the basis of above discussion, it can be assumed that, nowadays, the business firms that are related to the advanced technologies mostly facing the situation of ethical dilemmas. The hackers are creating the questionable situation in front of the organizations. Along with this, it is also observed that, theft of secret encryptions keys is an unethical activity performed by the hackers. For that reason, it is recommended that, the business firms must adopt and implement strict and unbreakable policies to protect the data and information of the organization (Engebretson, 2013). Moreover, the business firms should hire experts who can work for the protection of the organization. In addition, the chief of the firm should not provide important and secure passwords or keys to the members of the organization. The chief of the firm should give instructions to the employees that they should work to protect the confidentiality of the organization. They must take care that the situation of a n ethical dilemma should not be happen within the organization (Kahate, 2013). In this way, by focusing on the protection of the privacy of business firm, the business firms would be able to perform all the business activities in an ethical manner. References Dwell, M. (2013). Bioethics: Methods, Theories, Domains. NY: Routledge. Engebretson, P. (2013). The basics of hacking and penetration testing: ethical hacking and penetration testing made easy. USA: Elsevier. Ghosh, A. (2016). Android and iOS phones under threat as secret crypto keys can be stolen for Bitcoin Wallets and Apple Pay. Retrieved From: https://www.ibtimes.co.uk/android-ios-phones-under-threat-secret-crypto-keys-can-be-stolen-bitcoin-wallets-apple-pay-1547538 Hayden, E. C. (2014). Ethical dilemma for Ebola trials. Nature, 515(7526), 177-8. Kahate, A. (2013). Cryptography and network security. Australia: Tata McGraw-Hill Education. Kumar, M. (2016). How to Steal Secret Encryption Keys from Android and iOS SmartPhones. Retrieved From: https://thehackernews.com/2016/03/encryption-keys-android.html MacKinnon, B. and Fiala, A. (2014). Ethics: Theory and Contemporary Issues. USA: Cengage Learning. Shaw, W.H. (2016). Utilitarianism and the Ethics of War. NY: Routledge. Smith, J.D. (2008). Normative Theory and Business Ethics. Australia: Rowman Littlefield Publishers.